2024 Chad johnson net worth

Former American football wide receiver and reality star Chad Ochocinco Johnson is worth $15 million. For eleven years, he suited up for the NFL...... Td bank route 9

Chad Ochocinco Johnson, a former professional American football wide receiver and reality star, boasts a net worth of $15 million. With an illustrious career in the National Football League (NFL ...How Much is Chad Johnson's Net Worth? The net worth of a renowned American football player is $15 million. His stunning career in the field of football helped him to be a rich man. Most of the portion of his wealth is from the earnings of his football career. Chad Johnson's Salary: Year: Team: Total Earnings: 2001:All of his efforts have helped put his net worth to where it is today. How rich is Billy Wagner? As of mid-2017, sources estimate a net worth that is at $45 million, mostly earned through success in professional baseball from 1995 until 2010. ... Chad Johnson Net Worth. Eric Dickerson Net Worth. Richard Williams Net Worth. More like this ...Chad Knaus Net Worth. Chad Knaus is an American NASCAR crew chief, and he has a net worth of $6 million as of May 2024. He is currently working as the crew chief for the No. 48 Sprint Cup Series team, driven by …Learn how the former NFL star and reality TV personality made his fortune from football salaries, endorsements, and business ventures. Find out his net worth, …Chad Johnson's income source is mostly from being a successful . He is from Canada. We have estimated Chad Johnson's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets. Net Worth in 2021. $1 Million - $5 Million. Salary in 2020.Chad Ochocinco Johnson Net Worth as of 2022: $15,000,000. Chad Ochocinco Other Pursuits and Projects. Chad is a man of many talents. Aside from a successful NFL career, Chad made notable appearances in acting, game development, and reality TV shows.3x First-Team All Pro, 6x Pro Bowler and the 2006 NFL receiving yards leader, Chad “Ochocinco” Johnson stops by the Club for episode 71!#ClubShayShay #NFL #...Tory Johnson’s Deals and Steals has become a go-to resource for savvy shoppers looking for the best deals on a wide range of products. One of the most exciting aspects of Tory John...Chad Ochocinco Johnson Net Worth. Chad Ochocinco Johnson has an estimated net worth of $15 million. Net Worth: $15 million: Date of Birth: January 9, 1978: Age: 45 years old: Gender: Male: Profession: American football player, Athlete: Nationality: United States of America: Country: United States of America: Ethnicity: American: Residence:Chad "Ochocinco" Johnson earned $48 million over a stellar 11-year career in the NFL. What's perhaps even more impressive is the fact that the former wide receiver says 80 percent of that salary ...Chad Johnson, formerly known as Ochocinco, is worth an estimated $5 million as of 2020. He made most of his money in the NFL, where he played for the Bengals and Patriots, and through various endorsement deals.Chad Johnson - Net Worth 2024. Throughout the 12 years of his career in the NFL, Chad has made quite some earnings. Besides the normal contract with various clubs, his net worth is $18 million. However, there is no information regarding his total asset values. Relationship.By Francesca Gariano. Former "Selling Tampa" star Sharelle Rosado and NFL star Chad "Ochocinco" Johnson are engaged! The couple got engaged on Saturday, Jan. 7 in Miami. A representative ...Via: Instar. Chad Kroeger is the lead singer and main songwriter for Nickelback. He was born in Hanna, Alberta, Canada, on November 15, 1974, and with a net worth of $80 million, Chad Kroeger is the richest member of Nickleback. His distinctive, raspy voice has been a big part of Nickelback's success.Jun 6, 2021 · The NFL career of Chad Johnson was a wild ride, and during it, he did something that few, if any, other NFL players did. He changed his name. Yes, ahead of the 2008 season and officially for the ... Chad Clifton is an American professional football player who has a net worth of $15 million. Born Jeffrey Chad Clifton in 1976 in Martin, Tennessee, Chad Clifton was a top offensive tackle toward ...As of 2024, Chad Wild Clay's net worth is $700 thousand. DETAILS BELOW. Chad Wild Clay (born March 10, 1984) is famous for being youtuber. He resides in Minnesota, United States. Enormously popular YouTube personality who has attracted the attention of more than 1.8 million subscribers by publishing diss tracks towards fellow YouTubers ...Chad Johnson Proposes To Sharelle Rosado With A HUGE Diamond Engagement Ring! Johnson, 45, said his self-worth wasn't based on driving luxury cars or getting caught up in looking rich.FOOTBALL player, Chad Johnson, is a former NFL wide receiver known for his time on the field in the early 2000s.After retiring, the 45-year-old athlet. Jump directly to the content. ... WIDE RECEIVER'S WORTH Chad Ochocinco Johnson's net worth: What to know about his NFL richesAs of 2023, Chad Johnson’s estimated net worth is around $20 million. Despite retiring from professional football, Johnson has managed to maintain a significant portion of his … TheRichest covers the wealth, net worth, and the luxurious lifestyles of the richest people in the world. ... Chad Johnson was born on January 9, 1978, in Miami ... How Much is Chad Johnson's Net Worth? The net worth of a renowned American football player is $15 million. His stunning career in the field of football helped him to be a rich man. Most of the portion of his wealth is from the earnings of his football career. Chad Johnson's Salary: Year: Team: Total Earnings: 2001:Steven Van Zandt Net Worth is $80 Million Steven Van Zandt Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018. ... Chad Johnson Net Worth; Trick Daddy Net Worth; Inspectah Deck Net Worth; Jeffrey Katzenberg Net Worth; Todd Marinovich Net Worth; Casey Wasserman Net Worth; Deryck Whibley Net Worth;Considering his successful career and numerous moneymaking ventures, we can conclude that Chad Johnson has managed to amass an estimated net worth of around $15 million. Chad further confirmed the amount when he appeared on a November 2021 episode of the ‘Full Send’ podcast. Moreover, with him now engaged to Sharelle …Dec 15, 2021 · Considering his successful career and numerous moneymaking ventures, we can conclude that Chad Johnson has managed to amass an estimated net worth of around $15 million. Chad further confirmed the amount when he appeared on a November 2021 episode of the ‘Full Send’ podcast. Moreover, with him now engaged to Sharelle Rosado, a successful ... Chad Clifton is an American professional football player who has a net worth of $15 million. Born Jeffrey Chad Clifton in 1976 in Martin, Tennessee, Chad Clifton was a top offensive tackle toward ...Chad Johnson (OMGchad, YouTube) Chad Johnson (OMGchad, YouTube) About Career. YouTuber Birthday. April 14, 1989 Aries Who was born on this day? Age. 34 year. Birthplace. ... How much is OMGchad's net worth? His net worth is approximately estimated at around $17,000 as of 2022. Share: Facts. In 2014, the star was diagnosed …Johnson has an estimated net worth of about $1 Million – $7 Million which he has earned through his career as a football player. Chad Johnson Age Johnson was born on January 9, 1978, in Miami, Florida, United States.TheRichest covers the wealth, net worth, and the luxurious lifestyles of the richest people in the world. TheRichest. ... Chad Johnson was born on January 9, 1978, in Miami, Florida. After attending Miami Beach Senior High School he went to Oregon State University where he played collegiately. In 2001, he was selected as a second-round pick by ...It appears that being a content creator for OnlyFans has become his main source of income. His OnlyFans is available at $9 per month, and he has been making $40,000 a month. Information Cradle reports that Chad Johnson's net worth is estimated to be $800,000. The Bachelorette alum might have some savings from his past job as well.Chad Johnson is a former NFL wide receiver who played for the Miami Dolphins, the New England Patriots, and the Cincinnati Bengals. He had a $15 million net worth as a reality TV celebrity and a reality TV …Zipz Wine Net Worth: "Explore Zipz Wine's journey from a Shark Tank success to a $1 million valuation in 2023. Discover an innovative approach to single-serve wine." ... Chad Johnson Net Worth 2024: Career, Income and Finances; Lee Corso Net Worth 2024: How Rich Is He Actually; Dave Chappelle Net Worth 2024: How Rich Is He Actually; About Us;Salary And Net Worth. Jimmy Johnson has a $40 million net worth. Before going on to coach the Dallas Cowboys, he coached numerous college football teams that went on to win state championships. ... Chad Johnson, who is 49 years old, and Brent Johnson, who is 39 years old as of 2020, are the former couple's children. ...Jan 31, 2023 · During an interview on Shannon Sharpe’s weekly podcast Club Shay Shay, Johnson revealed his hard-earned coins from his football days are still sitting nicely at the bank. “I done saved 80 [to] 83 percent of my salary,” Johnson explained. He continued: “So, life is good because I was able to sustain and keep most of my wealth that I made ... Chad Johnson Net Worth; Alex Rodriguez Net Worth; Dennis Rodman Net Worth; Actors. Jason Bateman Net Worth; Macaulay Culkin Net Worth; Offset Net Worth; Politicians. Linda Tripp Net Worth; Jesse Watters Net Worth; Trey Gowdy Net Worth; Social Media Influencers. Walt Disney Net Worth; David Dobrik Net Worth; Alice Sebold Net Worth; Musicians. Yo ...Estimated Net Worth of her is $490K USD as of 2019. She stands 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs around 58kg. Annalise Mishler Wiki, Bio, Age, Height, Boyfriend Chad Johnson, Net Worth. Annalise Mishler was …Chad Johnson is a former NFL wide receiver who played for five teams and made six Pro Bowls. He is also a reality TV star on Netflix's 'Selling Tampa' and has a net worth of $15 million.Delving into the life of Chad Johnson, a renowned Football Player with a net worth of $15 million. Learn about their wiki, birthday, age, height, and journey to success. An encompassing Wikipedia profile for fans and followers.It appears that being a content creator for OnlyFans has become his main source of income. His OnlyFans is available at $9 per month, and he has been making $40,000 a month. Information Cradle reports that Chad Johnson's net worth is estimated to be $800,000. The Bachelorette alum might have some savings from his past job as well.Chad Johnson, also known as "Ochocinco," is a former NFL wide receiver with a net worth of $15 million. Learn how he earned his wealth from contracts, …Chad Johnson's Net Worth. Chad Johnson, a former American football player has an estimated net worth of around $15 Million as per the celebrity net worth. A wide range of his income generally came from his career as an athlete playing for different clubs of the NFL.2M Followers, 215 Following, 8,488 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Chad Johnson (@ochocinco) ochocinco. Follow. Message. 8,488 posts; 2.1M followers; 191 following; Chad Johnson. ️6x certified Lash Artist ️53 years of horizontal experience ️Esthetician & Zumba Instructor ...Annalise Mishler Net Worth. Estimated Net Worth of her is $490K USD as of 2019. She stands 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs around 58kg. Annalise Mishler Wiki, Bio, Age, Height, Boyfriend Chad Johnson, Net Worth. Annalise Mishler was born on September 24, 1994, and from California.Chad Ochocinco Johnson, the former NFL wide receiver turned reality star, commands a net worth of $15 million.Chad Johnson Net Worth$15 MillionDate of BirthJanuary 9, 1978Place of BirthMWhat is Chad Johnson's Net Worth? His estimated net worth is $6 million. Chad Johnson Famously Single. Johnson appeared in Season 2 of the E! series. In 2017, she appeared on the network's reality show, "Famously Single." The show follows eight single celebrities as they move in together and try to solve their relationship problems.Chad Johnson was drafted in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, out of Oregon State. ... When Johnson had the show’s host google his net worth, which stated it was ...Chad Johnson Net Worth: From Controversial Wide Receiver to Surprisingly Wealthy Figure. 03/05/2024. Gwen Stefani Net Worth: A Look at her Financial Success Story. 02/05/2024. Ellen Pompeo Net Worth: From Grey's Anatomy to Financial Anatomy. 02/05/2024. Dwayne Wade Net Worth: Ballin' Out Beyond the Court.Here we will explore Chad Ochocinco Johnson Net worth as of 2022, who is Chad Ochocinco Johnson, his Biography, and his family, and how he became so rich.. Chad Ochocinco Johnsonisan American Football Player. He has played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NLF) for the Cincinnati Bengals, New England Patriots, …Fed up with Love. Williams, 38, and Johnson, 41, first met in March 2017 at an Arizona spiritual retreat run by Johnson, a life coach who has also worked as a chaplain for pro sports teams ...Minimum Fortune To Make the Cut Reaches A Record-Breaking $2.9 Billion And The Collective Net Worth Of The 2021 List Makers Surges To A Historic $4.5 Trillion. #Forbes400. NEW YORK - October 5 ...What is Chad Johnson's net worth in 2021? Though Johnson made quite a bit of money during his NFL career, he is only worth an estimated $5 million as of early 2020.Chad Johnson: Net Worth: $4 million: Early life. Evelyn Lozada was born on December 10, 1975, in New York City. She was born to Sylvia Ferrer and Nengo Lozada. Evelyn grew up with a sister. Evelyn belongs to Puerto Rican ancestry and was raised as a Roman Catholic. She moved her place to Miami in 2007.Explore Jimmy Johnson's Bio-Wiki, net worth & salary in 2024. Learn about Jimmy Johnson's age, height, weight, dating, wife, girlfriend & kids. Is he dead or alive? ... Yes (Brent Johnson, Chad Johnson) Dating/Girlfriend (Name): N/A: Profession: Footballer, Coach, Commentator and Businessperson: Net Worth in 2024: $45 million:Explore Chad Johnson's career, net worth, age, height, and weight. Uncover FAQs about the NFL star. What's Hot. The Impact of College Education on Health and Well-being. July 23, 2023. Unlocking the Secrets to Beautiful Curls: The Key Role of a Hair Pick. July 23, 2023.Chad Johnson was drafted in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, out of Oregon State. ... When Johnson had the show’s host google his net worth, which stated it was ...Nov 14, 2023 ... Renowned American businessman and philanthropist Robert Woody Johnson, commonly known as "Woody," stands as a prominent figure with a net ...Chad L Smart's estimated net worth is at least $76.3 thousand as of 2006. Chad "Ochocinco" Johnson saved 80% of his NFL salary, which amounted to $48 million over an 11-year career. Jensen Ackles, known for his role as Dean Winchester in "Supernatural," has an estimated net worth of $14 million.2022-07-15. Net Worth. Chad Ochocinco Johnson is a former professional American football player and reality show star with a net worth that is $15 million . He played for 11 years in the National Football League (NFL) with The Cincinnati Bengals, New England Patriots, and the Miami Dolphins. In the course of his NFL time, Chad was paid just ...Chad Johnson's Ex-Wife Evelyn Lozada. Photo by Michael Kovac/Getty Images for AOL. Chad Johnson was previously married to Evelyn Lozada. ... The Rock's Net Worth: Meet Hollywood's Highest-Paid Actor. By Chris Featherstone. Arizona State Chad Johnson's Son Wants To Be Ochocinco 2.0, But Can He?Chad Pergram March 5, 1969. As of 2024, he is around 55 years old. Introduction : Personal Life : Parents, Family and Education Career, Job, Salary and Net Worth : Important Stories and Awards : Interesting Facts, Height and Trivia : Married. Check the full bio for relationship details. Related postsBen Kissel Age, Height, Wife […]Chad Johnson Net Worth – With the help of this article, we will tell you about Chad Johnson’s Net Worth. Along with this, we will also tell you about Chad Johnson’s Age, Height, Wiki, and Bio. Keep reading below for more information.Chad Johnson – Net Worth 2024 Throughout the 12 years of his career in the NFL, Chad has made quite some earnings. Besides the normal contract with various clubs, his net worth is $18 million.Net Worth. Chad Johnson has worked as a pastor and chaplain for most part of his professional life and has founded a nonprofit organization as well. He has earned most of his money through his work as a chaplain and working with many athletes and teams. Their total net worth is estimated at $3 million US dollars as of now.Chad Johnson is a former NFL wide receiver from 2001-2012 who primarily played for the Cincinnati Bengals, while also spending time with the New England Patriots and the Miami Dolphins.Chad Johnson Net Worth in 2021. In June of 2013, Johnson reported that he loses about $45,000 every month. He has to give about $16,000 for child support, $9,000 in mortgages, $3,000 on food, and $3,000 for car payments every month but make only $3,000 a month.The reality star, whose net worth is $4 million, has also appeared in the VH1 reality series Basketball Wives. Chad "Ochocinco" Johnson's ex-wife Evelyn Lozada will appear in Queen's Court.Sharelle Rosado Wiki, Age, Chad Johnson Fiance, Kids, Net Worth. March 6, 2023. Staff Author. Published on March 6, 2023. No Comments. Sharelle Rosado identifies as a proud black woman of mixed race. ... Net Worth: $6 – $8 million: Social Media: @sharellerosado_ Sharelle Rosado Wiki, Age, Bio.Zipz Wine Net Worth: "Explore Zipz Wine's journey from a Shark Tank success to a $1 million valuation in 2023. Discover an innovative approach to single-serve wine." ... Chad Johnson Net Worth 2024: Career, Income and Finances; Lee Corso Net Worth 2024: How Rich Is He Actually; Dave Chappelle Net Worth 2024: How Rich Is He Actually; About Us;Chad Ochocinco Johnson, the iconic former American football wide receiver, boasts an impressive net worth of $15 million as we step into 2023. With 11...Chad Knaus's Net Worth, NASCAR Salary, Endorsements and Wife ... He is best known for working with Jimmie Johnson, as he has 81 victories with him. ADVERTISEMENT . In 1991, Knaus moved to North Carolina to chase a job in stock car racing. From 1993 - 1997, ...As of 2023, Chad Johnson’s estimated net worth is around $20 million. Despite retiring from professional football, Johnson has managed to maintain a significant portion of his …Ron founded Doc Johnson in 1976, a time when sex toys were considered taboo, rarely discussed, and rather uniform in design. Today, though, the company has put out over 2,500 different products ... As of 2024, Chad Hennings’s net worth is $100,000 - $1M. DETAILS BELOW. Chad Hennings (born October 20, 1965) is famous for being football player. He resides in Iowa, United States. Former defensive tackle who played nine seasons in the NFL with the Dallas Cowboys, recording 27.5 sacks in 119 games. What Is Chad Ochocinco Net Worth in 2023: 5 Interesting Facts. Chad Ochocinco, formerly known as Chad Johnson, is a former professional American football player who has made a significant impact on the field and in the entertainment industry. Throughout his career, he has gained immense popularity and achieved considerable success, leaving many ...#chadjohnson #Ochocinco #espn Chad Johnson (WIFE) Lifestyle and Net Worth REVEALED 2024.....DISCLAIMER: This channel does not promote or encourage any illega...His net worth has been growing significantly in 2022-2023. So, how much is Chad Johnson worth at the age of 37 years old? Chad Johnson's income source is mostly from being a successful . He is from Canada. We have estimated Chad Johnson's net worth , money, salary, income, and assets. Net Worth in 2023: $1 Million - $5 Million: Salary in 2023 ...Discover the remarkable journey of Chad Ochocinco's net worth, from his days as an NFL superstar to his transition into the world of entertainment and entrepreneurship. ... One of the most notable moments in Chad Ochocinco's career was his decision to change his legal name from Chad Johnson to Chad Ochocinco in 2008. The name change was a nod ...As for her ex-husband, Chad has a net worth of a staggering $15 million as of 2024. ... Similarly, Evelyn's ex-husband Chad Johnson is also active on almost all the major social media platforms. He has over 1.9 million Instagram followers and 3.2 million Twitter followers.Chad Ochocinco Johnson [1] (born Chad Javon Johnson; January 9, 1978), [2] known from 2008 to 2012 as Chad Ochocinco, [3] is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver. He played college football for Santa Monica College and Oregon State University, and played 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the ...According to the site Celebritynetworth.com, he made $49 million dollars during his playing career, and has a current net worth of $15.M. ... Chad Johnson was a NFL wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals from 2001 to 2010 and played for the New England Patriots in 2011. You'll hear him referred to at times as Chad Ochocinco because from ...Chad Johnson Net Worth. Chad Johnson net worth is $15 million. His dynamic career unfolded over eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL), representing the Cincinnati Bengals, New England Patriots, and the Miami Dolphins. Email your news TIPS to [email protected] or WhatsApp +254707482874. Facebook; Twitter;In this article, we will explore Chad Johnson’s net worth in 2023, along with five interesting facts about the former NFL star. 1. Chad Johnson’s Net Worth in 2023 As of 2023, Chad Johnson’s net worth is estimated to be around $5 million. Throughout his NFL career, Johnson earned substantial contracts and endorsements, which contributed ...Chad Johnson Net Worth. Chad Johnson net worth is $15 million. His dynamic career unfolded over eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL), representing the Cincinnati Bengals, New England Patriots, and the Miami Dolphins. Email your news TIPS to [email protected] or WhatsApp +254707482874. Facebook; …

Chad Johnson Net Worth: 1. Chad Johnson, formerly known as Chad Ochocinco, is a retired professional American football player. As of 2023, his net worth is estimated to be $40 million, accumulated through his illustrious career in the National Football League (NFL) and various business ventures. 2.. Coupons for miller's smorgasbord

That math adds up to about $5.4 million, according to the post, which goes on to claim that Pelosi's net worth is $196,299,990. The meme quotes Pelosi: "Something is wrong with this picture ...Chad lists more than $1.28 million in real estate assets, $600,000 in cars, $75,000 worth of furniture, $40,000 in jewelry ... and practically NO DEBT. ... Chad Johnson and Evelyn Lozada ...The official source for NFL news, video highlights, fantasy football, game-day coverage, schedules, stats, scores and more.As of 2020, Chad Johnson has an estimated net worth of $5 million. He summoned $46.6 million in salaries through his 11 season NFL career. His contract with Miami Dolphins prior to he was released was a one-year $925,000 of which he could not accrue anything. He collected his biggest paycheque in 2008 which include $5 million in …By Francesca Gariano. Former "Selling Tampa" star Sharelle Rosado and NFL star Chad "Ochocinco" Johnson are engaged! The couple got engaged on Saturday, Jan. 7 in Miami. A representative ...He added, "So, life is good because I was able to sustain and keep most of my wealth that I made while I was playing." Considering Johnson's savings plans, he has maintained an estimated net worth of $15 million, according to Celebrity Net Worth. However, merely saving a majority of his salary is not the only way Johnson has preserved his wealth.Pastor Chad Johnson Net worth, Earnings & Wealth. As I told earlier, Pastor Chad Johnson is a professional Sports Chaplain and founder of Elevate International organization. Therefore, the net worth of Pastor Chad Johnson is estimated to be $3 Million US dollars as of 2018.Chad Johnson, a former NFL wide receiver and soccer player, has a net worth of $15 million as of 2023. Learn about his salary, endorsements, investments, charity work, and other sources of income.Chad Michael Murray net worth is estimated to be $12 million. Chad Michael Murray now is still making epic movies such as Survive the Night , which is to be released on May 22, 2020. He has come a long way in his acting career and gathered a large number of fans who support his endeavors.Nancy Jane Kulp Net Worth is $11 Million Nancy Jane Kulp Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018. ... Chad Johnson Net Worth; Michael Cera Net Worth; Matt Drudge Net Worth; Jeff Conaway Net Worth; James Cayne Net Worth; Sam Zell Net Worth; Facebook Twitter WhatsApp Telegram. Close. Search for: ...Net worth: $5 million (2024) Chad Johnson, renowned as a religious leader in the United States, is not only esteemed for his spiritual guidance but also for his substantial wealth. As of 2024, his net worth is estimated to be an impressive $5 million. Throughout his career, Johnson has captivated audiences with his eloquent sermons, poignant ...Johnson caught 766 passes for 11,059 yards and 67 touchdowns in his career with Cincy and the New England Patriots. He made six Pro Bowls and two All-Pro teams, both first team.As of May 2024, Chad Johnson has an estimated net worth of more than $18 million. This fortune comes from his career as a professional football player. His contract with the New England Patriots in 2011 was worth $6.35 million. He has also appeared in many TV shows and films and has appeared in the pistachio commercial in 2010 and 2011.Chad Johnson’s net worth has consistently seen an upward trajectory over the years. In 2018, it was valued at $13 million, followed by increases to $14 million in 2019, $15 million in 2020, and $16 million in 2021. The trend continued with a notable rise to $18 million in 2022, reaching a pinnacle of $20 million in 2023. ...The net worth of Chad Johnson is estimated to be $15 million. He earned his net worth from his primary career as an NFL player. Chad signed his rookie contract with Cincinnati Bengals for $ 3,091,500 for four years. He later re-signed five years contract for $27,103,250..

Popular Topics